By "Slavic lands" he meant the area from Saxony to Ruthenia and from Dalmatia, Carinthia and Serbia to the Baltic Sea. Bartholomeus, who lived in Magdeburg for several years, knew the Slavic lands well. In the year 1235, the British Franciscan Bartholomeus Anglicus wrote in his encyclopedia that for the most part all the Slavs, except Ruthenians and those Slavs who were mixed with Germans and Latins, shave their heads. It is possible that not only Poles, but also other Slavs wore a halfshaven head. Graphic sources include the paten (half of 13th century) from Płock Cathedral commissioned by Konrad Mazowiecki, and the paten commissioned by Mieszko the Old (year 1195) for the Cistercian monastery in Ląd, and the floor from Wiślica (years 1175-1180). In the chronicles of Mierzwa (beginning of 14th century) from Cracow, we can also read that Prince Leszek the Black (died in 1288) grew his hair to ingratiate himself with Germans, so it was a scandal both in his times and in the times of the chronicle. Some of the earliest mentions of the "Polish halfshaven head" from the Middle Ages were written by an anonymous Franciscan in 1308, Wincenty from Kielcza (half of 13th century), and Austrian poet Zygfryd Helbling (end of 13th century), who was swearing on Polish and Czech influences. It was probably worn before the 12th century until its slow disappearance in the 18th century. The origins of the halfshaven head are not clear. For hundreds of years it was typical of Poles. It is marked by shaving hair above the ears and on the neck at the same height, with longer hair on the top of the head. The czupryna ( Polish: wysokie polskie cięcie, podgolony łeb, łaszczówka), also known as the Polish halfshaven head, is a traditional Polish noble haircut, associated mainly with Sarmatism, but worn by Poles in the Middle Ages too.
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